Predicting flock vigilance from simple passerine interactions: modelling with cellular automata
Article Abstract:
Birds in flocks may scan or feed according to whether nearby birds are scanning or feeding. This model of flock behavior can help explain some observations as well as provide predictions that can be confirmed by field studies. Vigilance may decrease as the flock size increases, and scanning may increase when trees and other obstacles are found. Flock geometry can also affect scanning, with birds in flocks with larger perimeters more likely to scan. Such cellular models can help in understanding the behavior of flocks.
Publication Name: Animal Behaviour
Subject: Zoology and wildlife conservation
ISSN: 0003-3472
Year: 1999
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Time, energy and play
Article Abstract:
Young mammals spend less than 10% of their total time and energy budget to social and non-social play. However, activitiesthat have been given small shares of time and energy are still considered beneficial. Thus, it is suggested that it is wise to indicate the amount of time that an animal spends playing as a function of the overall amount of time that it is active. Furthermore, it is also significant to take into account howthe percentage of energy that is consumed in play is expressed.
Publication Name: Animal Behaviour
Subject: Zoology and wildlife conservation
ISSN: 0003-3472
Year: 1992
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Animals in science: some areas revisited
Article Abstract:
Four issues in animal welfare that need to be addressed by those who engage in the collection, interpretation and explanation of animal behavioral data are tackled. The animals' point of view must be considered in animal studies. Pain and suffering of the animals is the responsibility of humans and must be considered by those who use animals for study, amusement or food. It must be assumed that animals have the capacity to suffer and are in pain when in research.
Publication Name: Animal Behaviour
Subject: Zoology and wildlife conservation
ISSN: 0003-3472
Year: 1992
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