Punishment in animal societies
Article Abstract:
Experimental research on social animals reveals that the process of negative reciprocity is used by dominant animals to resist subordinate members from indulging in a behavior which threatens the fitness of the dominant members. These punishing tactics of negative reciprocity starts with the conflict of interest between two members of a social group and enables the establishment of a stable social group. The negative reciprocity process is used to eliminate predatory, parasitic and cheating behavior, and to refuse the demands of an offspring.
Publication Name: Nature
Subject: Zoology and wildlife conservation
ISSN: 0028-0836
Year: 1995
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Forests, fires and climate
Article Abstract:
An analysis of the effect of climatic variation on forest fires is described. It is suggested that a firm understanding of both the relationship between fires, climate and landscape processes on different timescales, and the interactions between climate and land-management activities must be developed in shaping fire regimes.
Publication Name: Nature
Subject: Zoology and wildlife conservation
ISSN: 0028-0836
Year: 2004
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Why large-scale climate indices seem to predict ecological processes better than local weather
Article Abstract:
The impact of climatic variation on ecological processes is discussed. Results provide biological justification for the inclusion of large-scale climate indices in analyses of ecological processes rather than crude summaries of local weather conditions.
Publication Name: Nature
Subject: Zoology and wildlife conservation
ISSN: 0028-0836
Year: 2004
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