Double trouble, boil and bubble

Article Abstract:

In the past, medical care was primarily provided by physicians who had practices in general internal medicine. Much of this care is now provided by specialists such as rheumatologists, cardiologists, and so forth. The large increases in specialists and sub-specialists (such as pediatric cardiologists) has meant that internists as a group have many problems, both in private practice and in academic settings (university hospitals). University medical centers derive many more patients from specialists, and their reputations rely more on these physicians than on internists. It is appropriate that patients are referred for the most sophisticated care available, once diagnosed, and university hospitals become centered around particular patterns of referral. Initially, programs that specialize in particular areas of medicine exist as programs within the department of internal medicine, but as with all institutions, the trend within the programs is toward greater autonomy and the creation of free-standing departments. As such departments become established, income for internal medicine departments is lost. In addition, these departments are under other pressures, as patients who are often old, neglected, severely ill, and less desirable for a hospital end up in the care of this department. The emphasis on tertiary (specialized) care in university hospitals suggests the likelihood that medical students and residents would be better educated about general internal medicine in community hospitals, where the benefits of such practice may be more visible. In addition, internal medicine is likely to attract more physicians if the principle of diagnosis and patient management are emphasized over the importance of knowing the facts about all diseases. Altering perceptions of the value of internists is also important. Dramatic changes are needed to change the trends in academic internal medicine. Departments of medicine may expire unless changes are made from within, and soon. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Medicine, Practice, Internal medicine, Medical specialties, editorial

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Who will go to the slaughter?

Article Abstract:

Jihoceska drubez (JD) (Vodnany, Czech Republic), poultry firm, plans to process 60,000 t of poultry in 2000. The firm was affected by the drop of poultry prices, which was caused mainly by the competition fight of poultry processors for the market. JD saw an operating loss of CEK 35 mil in 1999. It had to decrease its stock from CEK 298 mil to CEK 74.5 mil due to the loss and writing off its trade mark. Its total loss amounted to CEK 254.3 mil for 1999. JD has been profitable since Apr 2000. The firm is in the first position among poultry processors in the Czech Republic. JD became a part of the group Agropol Group (AG) (Czech Republic) in Jun 2000. AG is the number one on the Czech feeding mixture production market with a 24% share. There are more than 20 poultry firms in the Czech Republic. They processed a total of 245,000 t of poultry in 1999. Some of the firms cannot survive after the entrance of the Czech Republic to the European Union.

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Sunfish cognition and pseudoreplication

Article Abstract:

L.A. Dugatkin and D.S. Wilson are statistically inaccurate in their analysis of cognitive abilities in bluegill sunfish, and J. Lamprecht and H. Hofer's critique is unable to elaborate on these errors. Of the 11 different types of statistical analyses done, one shows a miscalculation of error degrees of freedom. Pseudoreplication leads to underestimation of P value by several orders of magnitude. The use of a one-tailed Wilcoxon matched-pairs test is an additional error.

Analysis, Behavior, Sunfishes, Cognition in animals, Animal cognition, Sunfishes (Centrarchidae)

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