Crossroads on cytoskeletal highways

Article Abstract:

A new and more integrated view of the cytoskeleton is emerging and is discussed in this review article. The intermediate filaments (IFs) are one part of the cytoskeletal network and evolved later than some other aspects as exoskeletal protection was replaced by endoskeletons and higher eukaryotes acquired need for mechanical integrators of cytoplasm. Connector proteins that associate with multiple cytoskeletal networks have been found and the roles are being studied. They must fit tissue-specific needs. Humans with no IFs can suffer from degenerative diseases.

Statistical Data Included, Physiological aspects, Microtubules, Cytoskeleton, Cytoplasmic filaments

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The ABCs of floral evolution

Article Abstract:

Floral evolution is discussed in this review article. Topics include angiosperm diversity and the ABC model of floral organ identity, conservation of gene functions in higher eudicots, evolution of MADS box genes in basal eudicots, and regulation of floral organ identity in monocots. Study of the MADS box gene family in basal angiosperms, other gymnosperms and plants without seeds likely will bring new insights into evolution and development in flowering plants.

Cytochemistry, Angiosperms

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Evidence for the adaptive evolution of mutation rates

Article Abstract:

Adaptive evolution of mutation rates and new evidence for it are discussed in this minireview. It may be that genetic systems that tune mutation rates and spectra in adaptive ways have emerged. The mechanisms do not demand special foresight but must have been selected for repeatedly in the past for being able to bring genetic change.

Statistics, Gene mutations, Gene mutation, Natural selection, Adaptation (Biology), Evolutionary adaptation

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