Short-range signaling by candidate morphogens of the TGFbeta family and evidence for a relay mechanism of induction
Article Abstract:
The mechanism of signal induction in Xenopus mesoderm cells by activin and Vg1, morphogens belonging to the Transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) family, was determined by investigating their movement in the embryos. Measurements of the distance traveled by TGFbetas revealed short distances, suggesting that TGFbetas only induce neighboring cells. Although the primary inducing signal cannot travel great distances, it is able to induce signas across multiple cell layers by production of additional inducing signals.
Publication Name: Cell
Subject: Biological sciences
ISSN: 0092-8674
Year: 1996
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TGF-beta signaling: receptors, transducers, and Mad proteins
Article Abstract:
The mechanism of receptor activation of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta signal transduction pathway is a complex process involving Mothers against decapentaplegic (Mad) proteins. TGF-beta responses appear to need different levels of signaling and the nature of the signal is dependent on the composition of the receptor complex. The role of type I and II receptors and the Mad family of proteins on the basis of studies conducted on Drosophila are discussed.
Publication Name: Cell
Subject: Biological sciences
ISSN: 0092-8674
Year: 1996
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Cancer metastasis: Building a framework
Article Abstract:
The origins and the nature of cancer metastasis, which occurs when genetically unstable cancer cells adapt to a tissue microenvironment that is distant from the primary tumor, are discussed. The advanced genomic technologies will lead to the discovery of biomarkers of metastatic likelihood, which might help in developing reliable assays with clinical utility and metastasis therapy.
Publication Name: Cell
Subject: Biological sciences
ISSN: 0092-8674
Year: 2006
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