The influence of female age, body mass, and ambient conditions on redhead incubation constancy

Article Abstract:

A study examined the proportion of time that female Redheads (Aythya americana) spent on the nest and its relation to body mass, female age and ambient conditions. Findings showed that, among duck species, female Redheads had one of the lowest incubation constancy at 82%, as well as a high number of incubation recesses per day. Low constancy has been attributed to the energetic constraints brought about by the laying of parasitic eggs before nesting. Constancy was particularly high for older females and for females with lower body mass.

Eggs, Bird eggs, Bird nests, Eggs (Biology), Incubation

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Body temperature of spectacled parrotlet nestlings in relation to body mass and brood size

Article Abstract:

Spectacled Parrotlet (Forpus conspicillatus) nestlings are brooded by the female parent until the oldest is about 13 days old. In larger broods, small nestlings are not brooded by their parents, but by older siblings, which should already have some capacity to thermoregulate. Forpus nestlings maintain a body temperature that is directly proportional with body mass, independently of brood size. Large broods promote maintenance of high body temperature, even at low ambient temperatures.

Physiological aspects, Body temperature, Body temperature regulation, Birds, Nestlings, Parrots

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Influence of female age and body mass on brood and duckling survival, number of surviving ducklings, and brood movements in Redheads

Article Abstract:

Issues concerning observations of rates of duckling survival and brood in Redhead ducks are discussed. Particular attention is given to the relationship between the body mass and age of female ducks and the survival and brood rates.

Observations, Poultry breeding, Redheads

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