Coalition formation in standard-setting alliances

Article Abstract:

The creation of business alliances to develop and sponsor technical compatibility standards is examined. A theory for forecasting the formation of these partnerships is developed based on two basic assumptions. It is assumed that companies participate in a large standard-setting alliance to improve their chances of developing and sponsoring a compatibility standard, and that these organizations avoid teaming up with their competitors to better exploit the benefits arising from compatibility standards that result from the efforts of the alliance. The forecasted alliance patterns are shown to be nothing but the Nash equilibria, or sets of partnerships for which not one individual organization has a reason to leave the alliance to join another. The theory is applied to 1988 case of nine computer companies compelled to choose between one of two alliances sponsoring rival Unix operating system standards.

Computers, Analysis, Standardization, Strategic alliances (Business), Interorganizational relations

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An analysis of product lifetimes in a technologically dynamic industry

Article Abstract:

Product lifetimes for various levels of product market aggregation in the computer industry were investigated. An in-depth analysis of the product lifetimes of desktop personal computers sold between 1974 and 1992 showed that product model lifetimes and product technology have not accelerated and that computer manufacturers have not systematically shrunk product lifetimes within their own lines. It was found that personal computer models introduced by companies were based on previously existing technology, resulting in shorter product lifetimes for the models than those developed by established manufacturers. Furthermore, competition in the personal computer industry is complex due to the availability of multiple generations of technology in the market at any time.

Analog & Hybrid Computers, Product Development, Research, Management, Microcomputers, Product introduction, New products, Product life cycle

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Using feature construction to improve the performance of neural networks

Article Abstract:

A study was conducted to describe that the degree of difficulty in learning neural networks is associated with the given set of training examples, using a method for determining learning difficulties. A feature construction framework was developed to enhance learning speed and classification precision related with neural network algorithms. The feature construction applied a group of constructive operators to a set of existing features to generate one or more new features that described the target concept. Results showed that the establishment of new features minimizes the number of important aspects needed to characterize concepts. Findings also indicated that these features increase the mean data content of each constructed input units.

Artificial Intelligence Systems, Computer networks, Neural networks, Study and teaching, Algorithms, Artificial intelligence

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