Neural networks: nuts and bolts
Article Abstract:
Artificial neural networks are computer-based systems designed after the processing patterns of the human brain. A model of an artificial neural network consists of several interlinked processing elements which serve as the logical analog of neurons. Each processing element, which receives, processes and sends signals, has similarities with a simple regression model. It has a set of inputs, a set of weights, a summation function and an activation or transfer function. Artificial neural networks have three main components: architecture, activation or transfer function and learning mechanism. The architecture defines how the processing elements are arranged while the activation or transfer functions are nonlinear mathematical functions for putting the output values from the processing element within a particular range of values.
Publication Name: Management Accounting (USA)
Subject: Business, general
ISSN: 0025-1690
Year: 1995
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Fitting enterprise software in smaller companies
Article Abstract:
Small to midsized businesses can benefit from enterprise software solutions in the same manner that large corporations do. However, their size presents unique challenges that should be addressed if they are to fully reap the rewards of software solutions. There are nine challenges that should be considered. One is selecting solutions that are scaled to their own special needs. Another concern is implementing the software solutions in a short span of time to avoid major disruptions. A third challenge is establishing realistic expectations to ensure the cooperation of everyone involved. Other tasks are allocating resources, dealing with aversion to change, mapping out major business processes, and converting data. Management should also avoid taking shortcuts. Finally, training and technical support should be planned.
Publication Name: Management Accounting (USA)
Subject: Business, general
ISSN: 0025-1690
Year: 1999
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Raising the bar
Article Abstract:
Computer system providers 'raise the bar' for their customers and competitors every time they introduce new products or improvements. A new or improved offering poses the question to customers of whether or not to adopt the new release. For rival vendors, the question is whether their own products can compete successfully with the newcomer to the market. System manufacturers continually strive to develop better products to outperform the competition. They conduct ongoing market research and use various sources, including information technology research firms, installed based of customers, sales prospects and infrastructure or platform vendors. The improvements they make, often in the areas of technology, functionality and tools, can be categorized as leading edge, competitive advantage or competitive requirement.
Publication Name: Management Accounting (USA)
Subject: Business, general
ISSN: 0025-1690
Year: 1997
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