New technologies, new skills

Article Abstract:

While managers tend to assume that the introduction of new technologies will result in a reduction of skill requirements, this is not always the case. On the contrary, there is often an upgrading effect. Using bank computerization as an example, this article shows that automation's effect is to push employees out of product fabrication, towards the periphery of a system of machines, and into interface and control functions. These conditions demand more responsibility as distinct from mere effort, more abstract reasoning as opposed to rote learning, and more carefully nurtured systemic interdependence as compared to the assemblyline type of sequential dependence. This article identifies the managerial challenges posed by these requirements. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)

Human resource management, Automation, Employee training

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The financing threshold effect on success and failure of biomedical and pharmaceutical start-ups

Article Abstract:

Technological innovation theories are considered in the context of the way biomedical and pharmaceutical companies form and develop. Analysis is based on detailed information gathered from 26 firms that were founded in Massachusetts between 1968 and 1975. Supplementary analysis is based on a three-member expert panel's evaluation of the risk tied with use of each company's products. A positive relationship exists between the level of a firm's technological sophistication and the risk associated with utilizing its products. Technological advancement therefore does not necessarily imply high economic performance, partly because of major demands which US Food and Drug Administration approval processes place on a firm's time and resources.

Innovations, Laws, regulations and rules, Pharmaceutical industry, Industry regulations, New business enterprises, Startups, Government regulation of business, Trade regulation, United States. Food and Drug Administration

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Is the "skills gap" really about attitudes?

Article Abstract:

Contrary to popular opinion, the vast majority of complaints about the poor quality of school graduates who enter the workforce are not about a lack of academic skills but instead focus on deficiencies of appropriate work attitudes and behaviors. In fact, attitudes and behaviors have a significant impact on workforce quality and can be developed both in schools and on the job. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)

Beliefs, opinions and attitudes, Organizational behavior, Work ethic, Workers, Skilled labor, Employee attitudes

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