Takeovers: it helps to know how to play the game
Article Abstract:
Organizations can successfully complete corporate takeovers if they are aware of legal restrictions. Antitrust laws protect competition by preventing the interference with or elimination of free market forces. The US has five major laws that protect competition, 39 states have enacted at least one law created to increase the difficulty of hostile takeovers, and over 400 organizations have included some kind of poison pill in their bylaws. Poison pills include the distribution of convertible preferred stock as a dividend to shareholders, and the purchase of additional stock by stockholders at a large discount if a corporate raider obtains more than a specific amount of the outstanding stock. Shareholders, however, are questioning the effectiveness of poison pills that theoretically protect their best interests.
Publication Name: Management Accounting (USA)
Subject: Business, general
ISSN: 0025-1690
Year: 1991
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Using expert systems for job cost estimates
Article Abstract:
The use of expert systems in cost estimation is discussed. Expert systems are computer programs which mimic human knowledge in order to to solve problems. Expert systems solve problems for tasks that require only cognitive skills. Human experts are needed who agree on solutions and who can verbalize methodology. The task must not be too difficult, poorly understood, or require common sense. Cost estimating meets these criteria. When expert systems are applied to cost estimating, expected benefits include: improvement in the consistency of cost estimates and the productivity of estimators; reduced response time for customers; reduced training costs for new estimators; increased comprehension of cost estimating; and preservation of knowledge in the expert system.
Publication Name: Management Accounting (USA)
Subject: Business, general
ISSN: 0025-1690
Year: 1987
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Cost defenses for antitrust cases
Article Abstract:
The Sherman Act, Clayton Act, and Robinson-Patman Act were all created to deter monopolies and discrimination in pricing. Price discrimination between purchasers of like goods is illegal, if the effect is to reduce competition. However, different prices may be charged if they are based on costs of manufacturing, quantity purchases, or pricing to meet competition. Justification of costs was a key issue in two lawsuits presented as examples. Management accountants should use care in maintaining records which provide data relating to cost-justification for price increases.
Publication Name: Management Accounting (USA)
Subject: Business, general
ISSN: 0025-1690
Year: 1986
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