Black and white

Article Abstract:

A case to be judged by the World Trade Organization (WTO) in Oct 1997 is a test, both of Japanese economic reforms and of the willingness of the WTO to address the problem of trade obstacles other than tariffs. The case has been brought by Eastman Kodak, which claims that the Japanese government has acted in the market to protect domestic photographic film and paper manufacturer Fuji Photo Film. Fuji denies all claims, apart from the small size of Kodak's market share in Japan. Other business with grievances against Japan will be studying the progress of this case.

Photographic equipment and supplies, Ophthalmic goods, Trade Barriers, Photographic Film, Photographic Film, Paper, Plate, and Chemical Manufacturing, Silver Halide Photo Matrl, Cases, World Trade Organization, Photographic industry, Eastman Kodak Co., Fuji Photo Film Company Ltd., Photographic supplies, EK, Nontariff trade barriers

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Forbidden fruit

Article Abstract:

Japanese plant pathologist Akio Tanii's Oct 1995 suicide illustrates the extreme pressures surrounding the issue of US agricultural exports to Japan. Tanii's work discredited the Agricultural Ministry's claim that fire blight, a disease of apple and pear trees, did not exist in Japan. That claim was the official basis for an extensive, and expensive, set of regulations governing apple exports to Japan. Only in 1995, after 24 years of struggle, did the US apple industry break into Japan, and market forces are eroding that inroad.

Apples, Apple Orchards, Deciduous tree fruits, Imports Regulation-Health & Safety, Fruit industry, Fruit trade, Customs administration, Farm produce, Agricultural products, Import regulations, Food safety

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