New captains at the helm
Article Abstract:
The shipping industry has had economic recessions, but it is now recovering. The industry was hit by losses that reached estimates as high as 58 billion ECUs from 1982 to 1986, and trends such as government interference, protectionism, and competition from the Far East made the situation worse. The plight of European shipowners who bear higher costs than Far East shipowners has given rise to the formulation of the EC's common shipping policy, which is to be finalized in 1989. Additionally, a few independent shipping businesses such as Troodos Shipping have emerged. To survive, however, the European shipping industry must get outside equity into the business, and to that end, a number of international shipping investment funds have been started.
Publication Name: International Management
Subject: Business, international
ISSN: 0020-7888
Year: 1989
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Free at last?
Article Abstract:
The European Community (EC) is often accused of protectionism by its trading partners, particularly the US and Japan. The EC has often reiterated its objections to such an allegation and even issued a statement on trade articulating the EC's desire to preserve the balance of advantages given to nations. Free traders, however, see the EC's words as contrary to its actions. The EC's often-used measures of anti-dumping actions, reciprocal deals, and informal actions, seem to strengthen the belief of free traders in the myth of Fortress Europe. The EC may have good intentions, but many think that it cannot resist internal pressures for protection.
Publication Name: International Management
Subject: Business, international
ISSN: 0020-7888
Year: 1992
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GSP: will it live?
Article Abstract:
The Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) is set to expire on Jul 3, 1993. However, the US seems unwilling in renewing the program despite its notable progress in enhancing the economic programs of developing countries. The US government is presently submerged in other global trade issues and political uncertainties due to the coming 1992 presidential elections. Trade improvement programs such as the GSP may not be of importance to the world community in the 1990s as bilateral agreements seem to have become the general trend in international trade.
Publication Name: Global Trade
Subject: Business, international
ISSN: 1060-0906
Year: 1992
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