Shock treatment
Article Abstract:
The Spanish banking industry has been reorganized since 1978, when the Spanish government allowed foreign banks entry into what had been a highly protected market. The competition from foreign banks forced a rationalization of domestic banks in order for them to remain competitive. The Spanish central bank, Banco de Espana, also liberalized the banking industry which created a freer, more competitive market in order to prepare the banks for the single European market of 1992. The new atmosphere has led to a series of mergers in the field: Spain's largest bank, Banco Bilbao Vizcaya, which has a 13% market share and 5,678.3 billion pesetas in assets, is the result of the merger of Banco de Bilbao and Banco Vizcaya three years ago.
Publication Name: International Management
Subject: Business, international
ISSN: 0020-7888
Year: 1991
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Revolution in Retail Banking Brings in the Financial Supermarket
Article Abstract:
Retails banks, those ordinary institutions that meet the everyday needs of the private individual have emerged from their traditions of conservatism into an exciting new world of financial services. Demarcation lines between banks and other financial institutions are breaking down on a worldwide basis, as consumer credit swells. Electronic Funds Transfer Systems (EFTS) have created paperless banking which has led to cost efficiency. A ranking of the top ten countries by quality of their banking services, has Sweden at the top with the United States falling seventh after Canada and France.
Publication Name: International Management
Subject: Business, international
ISSN: 0020-7888
Year: 1983
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