External policy developments

Article Abstract:

The EU spent a substantial part of 1997 dealing with two major problems both of which had external policy ramifications. One of the issues pertained to the content of the Treaty of Amsterdam that failed to provide the EU with a legal identity or to extend the competence of the EC in the area of external trade in services and intellectual property. The other issue was about the future enlargement of the EU which caused considerable debate and division among member states and affected the body's relation with applicant states especially Turkey.

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External policy developments

Article Abstract:

The war waged in the Middle East and Yugoslavia proved disastrous for the EU (EU) as it led to the division of member states. These conflicts not only altered the time table for the implementation of the single currency market in the Europe, but also affected the relation of member states with their Western counterparts, particularly the US. Problems were further aggravated by the weak implementation of the Common Foreign and Security Policy, which could have been instrumental in mitigating trade disputes among member states.

International aspects, Military policy

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Justice and home affairs

Article Abstract:

The year 1997 might very well be considered in the future as a watershed year for EU justice and home affairs development. Substantial progress was made in a few policy areas covered by the so-called third pillar and member states finally came to a consensus on a revision of the Treaty of Amsterdam provisions on justice and home affairs. However, persisting budget deficits, increased risks of fragmentation and a lack of consensus on certain issues continue to dog the organization.

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