Pigs and guinea pigs: a note on the ethics of animal exploitation

Article Abstract:

The study applies the critical-level utilitarism to examine the moral and ethical aspects of the use of animals as food and for research. Human consumption of animals is determined to be influenced by acculturation and habituation. This finding supports the probability of zero optimal level of meat consumption as contend by ethical vegetarians. Unregulated research is also determined to be too animal intensive and the use of alternative research models is advised. Two policies concerning the regulation of animal care and farm and research animals are suggested.

Ethical aspects, Animal experimentation, Animal welfare, Utilitarianism

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Consistency, replication invariance, and generalized Gini bargaining solutions

Article Abstract:

Multi-valued Gini bargaining solutions that are explained by special cases of generalized Gini orderings are evaluated. Aside from fixed population axioms, 'single-series' Gini solutions may be also characterized by utilizing a 'rank-ordered consistency' axiom. Characterizations are allowed provided that a replication invariance condition exists. Moreover, subclasses of Gini and utilitarian solutions are also characterized.

Models, Negotiation, Negotiations, Parameter estimation

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Fiscal federalism revisited

Article Abstract:

Pareto-improving changes which occur as a result of the harmonization of tax can be found in models of a fiscal-federal system which is simple. The use of consumer price vectors in the analysis of tax-reform is discussed.

Research, Economic research, Tax reform, Tax and expenditure limitations, Production (Economics)

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