Tax reform, structural unemployment and the environment

Article Abstract:

The influence of environmental tax reform on employment, wage formation and environmental equality was investigated in the context of a small open economy with structural unemployment caused by hiring costs. Empirical evidence shows that environmental tax reform may increase employment levels if it shifts the tax burden away from workers toward those with no employment in the formal sector. This shift in tax burden occurs if higher energy taxes reduce income in the informal sector by lowering labor productivity.

Employment, Tax reform, Wages, Wages and salaries, Environmental economics, Energy economics, Structural unemployment

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Optimal environmental taxation in the presence of other taxes: general-equilibrium analyses

Article Abstract:

The variation of optimal environmental tax rates from rates implied by the Pigovian principle in a second-best situation where other, distortionary taxes are present, is studied. The analytical model used shows that optimal environmental tax rates are lesser than the rates forecasted by the Pigovian principle. Simulations using the numerical model support these findings. Under central values for parameters, optimal carbon tax rates are between six and twelve percent below the marginal environmental damages.

Tax Law, Public Finance Activities, Taxation, Pollution

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Promoting investment under international capital mobility: an intertemporal general equilibrium analysis

Article Abstract:

A comparison between two policies which are geared to promote investment shows the importance of the choice of policy in terms of its effects on a country's current account, the structure of its industry, and exchange rates in real terms. The two policies are a tax credit system to promote investment, and cuts in tax on business income. Domestic welfare consequences cannot be separated from the impact of these two policy types in international terms.

Security and commodity exchanges, Analysis, Investments, Political aspects, Balance of trade

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