Technological progress and the decline of European mortality

Article Abstract:

The relationship between technological change and the decline of mortality in Europe between 1750 and 1914 was studied. The crude death rate was 14-15 per 1,000 in 1914, compared to about 25 per 1,000 in 1750. The decline in infectious diseases was one reason for the decline in mortality. Other factors may have contributed to the the decline in mortality, including the improvement in the standard of living as a result of economic growth, the changes on the microbial level and the implementation of public policies such as smallpox vaccination programs. A model of technological selection was developed.

Europe, Patient outcomes, Technological innovations

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Mortality decline in the low-income world: causes and consequences

Article Abstract:

The most widespread change since the industrial revolution has been the decline in mortality in both Europe and low-income countries during the 20th century. Possible reasons for the decline in mortality in low-income countries include the increase in real per capita income and the introduction of health technologies, but these theories have not been proven. A higher level of education of mothers seems to lead to a lower mortality rate for their children. One effect of a decline in mortality is a decline in the birth rate.

Developing countries

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Education returns across quantiles of the wage function: alternative explanations for returns to education by race in South Africa

Article Abstract:

A model is developed to determine returns to education based on private mean wage returns in South Africa. Data from the 1993 Project for Statistics on Living Standards and Development survey on African, colored, white and Indian races in South Africa were used. Ordinary least squares estimates show the need to widen the coverage of secondary and higher education to maximize private returns to schooling in Africa.

Social aspects, Models, Education, South Africa, South Africans, Household surveys

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