The rise of the welfare state and labor-force participation of older males: evidence from the pre-social security era

Article Abstract:

The changes in the labor-force participation rate (LFPR) of older males in the US from 1880 to 1940 were considered to explain how progress in public welfare programs influenced the decline in the LFPR of older males up to the 1990s. The LFPR of older males over 65 years of age has been significantly declining since the 1940s with only 15% of males in the group working in 1998. The LFPR of older males declined even before the introduction of public welfare projects despite the fact that higher retirement incomes should entice more older males to retire earlier.

Pension, health, and welfare funds, Pension Funds & Benefit Plans, Pension Funds, Research, Demographic aspects, Retirement planning, Labor supply, Labor force, Welfare state

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Agricultural volatility and investments in children

Article Abstract:

Data from the Living Standards Survey of the Cote d'Ivoire show that malnutrition and absence from school tend to result from agricultural shocks, with implications for human capital. Public insurance and aid programs can be used to deal with adverse conditionsin agriculture.

Social aspects, Economic aspects, Welfare reform, Cote d'Ivoire, Households, Human capital

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Is the social security trust fund a store of value?

Article Abstract:

The imbalance faced by the United States Social Security system is analyzed. The steps taken by the government to reduce the imbalance are presented.

Government domestic functions, Financial management, Social Security Administration, Finance, Social policy, Company financing, United States. Social Security Administration

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