Part 3: managing the risks

Article Abstract:

The question concerning electromagnetic fields is whether prudent avoidance is the best solution if the types and magnitude of risks are not known. Scientists have traditionally been skeptical of the claims that power-frequency electric and magnetic fields have negative effects on the human body. New studies have some of them convinced that there are some effects, but mechanistic explanations are still scarce. Evidence suggests that the relationship between exposure to fields and resulting effects may depend on more than some simple parameter like the time integral of field strength. The hazards to the public may be much smaller than some have claimed. It is important to keep a sense of perspective.

Management, Public health, Hazardous Materials, Tutorial, Risk Analysis

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Part 1: Biological effects

Article Abstract:

Scientists are looking harder at the effect of electromagnetic fields on the average person. One researcher found that children living near distribution substations and transformers had higher incidences of leukemia. Concern is now focusing on whether the effects of electricity can cause cancer and endocrine and nervous system disorders. Retrospective case-control studies are being used to compare an existing population of cases with a control group that is disease-free. Scientists are also computing the proportional mortality ratio to that in the general population to establish a figure for mortality from the disease.

Diseases, Biology, Epidemiology, Study, Population Groups

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Dismantling the U.S. technology infrastructure

Article Abstract:

Congressional leaders are trying to dismantle the country's technology infrastructure using an outdated 'pipeline model' to justify their actions. This model, which calls for the government to invest only in basic science, fails to reflect the synergistic relationship between technology and engineering. Moreover, this model gives Congress a false belief that significant savings can be achieved through the destruction of the technology infrastructure.

Analysis, Science and technology policy, United States. Congress, Technology and state, Technology policy

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