Interactions among nectar robbing, floral herbivory, and ant protection in Linaria vulgaris
Article Abstract:
The combined effects of nectar robbing and ant visitation on three indices of reproductive fitness in Linaria vulgaris in the Colorado Rocky Mountains is experimentally evaluated through indirect effects on flower- and seed-eating beetles. Manipulation of ant access and nectar robbing showed that ant exclusion increased beetle attack and decreased female fitness.
Publication Name: Oikos
Subject: Environmental issues
ISSN: 0030-1299
Year: 2005
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Pollination syndromes and floral specialization
Article Abstract:
A study aims to show that pollination syndromes provide great utility in understanding the mechanisms of floral diversification. The study's conclusions are based on the importance of organizing pollinators into functional groups according to presumed similarities in the selection pressures they exert.
Publication Name: Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution and Systematics
Subject: Environmental issues
ISSN: 1543-592X
Year: 2004
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A multivariate search for pollination syndromes among penstemons
Article Abstract:
The mechanics of pollination for the species of Penstemon and close relatives, both the morphology of the flowers and visitation by pollinators, are described. Statistical documentation of pollination syndromes is presented for very few groups of flowers.
Publication Name: Oikos
Subject: Environmental issues
ISSN: 0030-1299
Year: 2004
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