Leptin, leptin receptors, and the control of body weight

Article Abstract:

Leptin, injected, reduces weight in all mammalian species so far studied and clinical trials on human are underway. Lesions of the hypothalamus alter body weight, which was a suggestion that this brain region regulates nutritional states, and studies led to an hypothesis that body weight is regulated by a feedback loop in which peripheral signals report nutritional information to an integratory center in the brain, but identifying the signals was not easy. The most pressing question now pertains to possible therapeutic benefit of leptin treatment in obese humans. The ob gene, the leptin receptor and its sites of action, its relevance to various forms of obeisty and prospects for the future are discussed.

United States, Research, Abnormalities, Genetic aspects, Obesity, Cellular signal transduction, Physiological regulation, Biological control systems, Cell receptors, Leptin, Hypothalamus, Body weight, Neurogenetics, Cytokines, Pancreas, Genetics, Neural receptors, Fat cells, Adipocytes

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Exercise, physical activity, nutrition, and the brain

Article Abstract:

Human brain function is apparently determined by the type and amount of exercise as well as nutrition. After physical activity, the brain responds hemodynamically, metabolically, and psychically. The activation of neurotransmitters in the brain can cause changes in mood, sleep, memory, pain, and blood pressure. Some of these neurotransmitters, acetylcholine, catecholamine, and serotonin, are produced from dietary sources. Further study will determine the exact role of such dietary supplementation.

Exercise, Exercise physiology, Endorphins

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