Timing and vulnerability in research on malnutrition and cognition

Article Abstract:

Supplementary food programs beginning before birth produce long-term cognitive benefits in children with intrauterine growth retardation type I (IUGR-I), although such children usually reach adulthood without cognitive impairment. In Guatemalan, Columbian and Indian studies, maternal malnutrition, the cause of IUGR-I, negatively affects cognition in the first five years of life but can be reversed at age 42 months. Interventions which emphasized education and health care produced impressive results even after the period of rapid neuronal growth in the brain.

Maternal-fetal exchange, Fetus, Fetal growth retardation, Child development, Malnutrition in children, Child malnutrition

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School breakfast and cognition among nutritionally at-risk children in the Peruvian Andes

Article Abstract:

The cognitive ability and memory of Peruvian schoolchildren may improve after eating a school breakfast. Compared to children who drank a diet soda, short-term memory skills were higher among those 54 schoolchildren who had a cake and milk beverage for breakfast. Attendance and vocabulary skills rose among those children at ten rural schools in the region who had eaten breakfast. Vocabulary scores were also higher in relation to higher body weight in proportion to height, a function of malnutrition and stunting.

Food and nutrition, Cognition, Breakfasts, School lunches, School food services

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Iron deficiency and educational deficiency

Article Abstract:

Iron deficiency is probably not a significant cause of educational defiencies in children unless the children are anemic. This was documented by three studies in Indonesia, Thailand and Egypt. Children with anemia scored lower on tests of cognitive function compared to non-anemic children. In some cases, iron supplementation raised the scores but scores were still not as high as in the non-anemic children. Cognitive ability is probably a function of many different variables.

International aspects, Iron deficiency diseases, Educational evaluation, Educational assessment

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