Anxiety as a cost of commuting to work

Article Abstract:

Data from a 1986 Modal Choice Interview Survey of Columbus, OH, which asked residents about their commuting habits and their commuting costs, were analyzed to ascertain the effect of psychological factors, such as aggravation and anxiety, of commuting. Research results revealed that the total money costs of public transportation and total automobile costs were key factors in the choice of mode of transportation. An increase of $100 per week for commuting by automobile caused a 17% reduction in the likelihood of commuting by automobile. An increase of $100 per week for commuting by public transportation caused a 35% reduction in the likelihood of commuting by public transportation. The greatest amount of costs of buses are time costs, and the probability of bus ridership can be increased by reducing transit time.

Psychological aspects, Transportation, Commuting

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Commuter responses to travel time uncertainty under congested conditions: expected costs and the provision of information

Article Abstract:

A simulation approach is presented for the analysis of policies for minimizing traffic congestion and the investigation of the influence of offering commuters with pre-trip information. The methodology employs Noland and Small's (1995) model for ascertaining the optimal travel departure time for a person who is to commute in the morning. The model is integrated with a supply side congestion model for the assessment of the impact of various policy options on congestion and average expected travel expenses. Analysis reveals that greater cuts in the anticipated commuting costs can be obtained through policies minimizing travel time variance instead of travel times only. Individuals are not found to benefit from policy simulations interpreting the congestion effects of supplying commuters with pre-trip information.

Models, Prevention, Traffic congestion, Traffic engineering, Travel time (Traffic engineering)

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The effect of ocean and lake coast amenities on cities

Article Abstract:

The effect of proximity to ocean and lake coastlines on land use prices is examined. Empirical data indicate that housing and rent are more expensive in areas located near coasts. Conventional urban models ignore the utility-bearing characteristics of large bodies of water, which have climate, aesthetic and recreational benefits for urban residents. The proposed model assumes coastal amenity consumption to be travel-dependent. Therefore, a generalized accessibilty measure is constructed that takes into account the price of housing, land rent, population density and distance to the coast. Data from 14 US coast cities and from the 1980 Census indicate that unbiased population gradient measures can only be obtained from models that account for census tract distance from the coast, such as the one above.

Demographic aspects, Population density, Coasts

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