"Basket cases": tax incentives and international joint venture participation by American multinational firms

Article Abstract:

The implementation of the US Tax Reform Act of 1986 (TRA) has negatively affected the international joint venture participation of American multinational companies. After TRA's implementation in 1986, which calls for the use of separate baskets in computing foreign tax credits, the participation of American firms in international joint ventures has decreased dramatically especially in low-tax nations. The law has also resulted in the use of more debt and in higher payment of royalties among joint ventures in low-tax countries.

Tax Law, Public Finance Activities, Economics, Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities, Economic aspects, Joint ventures

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From each according to his surplus: equi-proportionate sharing of commodity tax burdens

Article Abstract:

Commodity tax incidence is examined by focusing on a basic property of the distribution of tax burdens between buyers and sellers. It was found that buyers and sellers suffer the same percentage reduction in pre-tax surplus when commodity taxation is distributed between them with linear demand and marginal cost schedules.

Analysis, Commodities, Tax incidence

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On the timeliness of tax reform

Article Abstract:

Various budgetary, economic and other political factors provoke countries to change their tax laws. An efficient tax reform policy, focuses on consideration other than that of maximizing tax collection.

United States, Other Financial Vehicles, Investors, not elsewhere classified, Tax Shelter Investment Svcs NEC, Evaluation, Tax planning, Tax shelters

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