Sliding towards EC membership: Norway in Scandinavian perspective

Article Abstract:

EC membership is a greater political hurdle for Norway than for the other Scandinavian countries. Debate over membership in 1972 caused divisive splits within the major parties and the country. Norway's reliance on agriculture precludes a total integration with the other Scandinavian countries, which rely primarily on exports. Norwegians are concerned about the loss of sovereignty and the cultural adulteration that would attend EC membership. The argument that staying outside the EC would relegate Norway to the European periphery is too abstract to carry weight with the electorate.

Norway, Norwegian foreign relations, European Community, European Economic Community

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Luxembourg, Helsinki and beyond: towards an interpretation of recent Turkey-EU relations

Article Abstract:

This article discusses Turkey's petition to become a member of the European Union, which has undergone a period of enlargement during the late 1990s; despite Turkey's earlier date of application, it is not as seriously considered as post-communist countries such as the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary and Poland. Results of the 1997 Luxembourg Summit did not favor Turkish advancement, but the Helsinki Summit of 1999 was more favorable; issues confronting Turkey's potential membership include deficits in managing human rights, democratization and economic reform.

Turkey, Turkish foreign relations, Political reform

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The Danish EMU referendum 2000: business as usual

Article Abstract:

This article discusses the 2000 referendum regarding Denmark's decision to join the European Monetary Union, and explores reasons why 87.5% the people voted No, when most economic and political decision-makers had been recommending a Yes vote. The authors examine how this vote, coupled with the 1992 No vote on the Maastricht treaty, have defined Danish-European Union policy and what it's implications could be in shaping future policy.

Denmark, Social aspects, Political aspects, Political parties, European Monetary System, Referendum, Referendums, Danish foreign relations, Policy sciences

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