Urban agglomeration and dispersion: a synthesis of Alonso and Krugman

Article Abstract:

A unified model is employed to investigate possible explanations for the interregional concentration and dispersion of companies and workers under the conditions of positive externality (product variety) and negative externality (congestion). The study uses Krugman's (1991) two-region general equilibrium model in a monopolistic competition framework that has been modified by factoring in the element of land consumption in Alonso's (1964) model. The modification facilitates the examination of how urban concentration and dispersion are affected by price mechanisms in the land rent markets. The findings reveal that the dispersed state usually creates a lower welfare level than the agglomerated state.

Administration of Urban Planning and Community and Rural Development, Urban Planning & Develop-Local, Urban economics, Industrial locations, Industrial location

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Dynamics of urban land use: sequential location of an office firm and residence

Article Abstract:

The first replacement of dwellings in urban locations with offices always takes place at an intermediate location. Following replacements take place inwardly with right and left alterations, and then outright replacements begin. When there is no building height regulation, the equilibrium density function of offices is a duocentric cosine truncated curve symmetrical with respect to the city center, and the equilibrium distribution of the dwellings is linear.

Housing, Dwellings, Offices, City planning, Location

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Urban agglomeration, capital augmenting technology, and labor market equilibrium

Article Abstract:

Research into urban productivity levels uses Japanese city-based population cross-sections from 1980 as a data sample to show labor-demand regressions under two forms of model specifications: demand-supply equilibrium and capital augmenting. The research connects agglomeration phenomena to population density factors and labor productivity measures.

Japan, Study and teaching, Metropolitan areas, Working class

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