Adult immunizations
Article Abstract:
It may be advisable to vaccinate adults against hepatitis A, chicken pox, typhoid, and flu viruses, particularly those adults at high-risk for exposure. Researchers reviewed current recommendations and the effectiveness of these adult vaccines. Current recommendations are that persons 50 years of age and older receive annual flu vaccines. Studies have shown that the hepatitis A vaccine is 96% effective in adults. It may be advisable for adults traveling to developing countries, adults with liver disease, homosexual men, and for laboratory workers exposed to the hepatitis A virus to receive the hepatitis A vaccine. Studies have shown that the chicken pox vaccine may be 27% ineffective in preventing future cases of the disease in adults. However, it may be advisable for health care workers and for school and daycare employees to receive this vaccine. Recommendations also include a typhoid vaccine for adults traveling to developing countries.
Publication Name: Annals of Internal Medicine
Subject: Health
ISSN: 0003-4819
Year: 1996
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Hepatitis B immunization strategies: expanding the target
Article Abstract:
Vaccination against hepatitis B virus (HBV) may reduce the incidence of hepatitis B. Hepatitis B is a blood borne infection spread through intravenous drug use and sexual contact. The incidence of HBV infection is increasing despite the availability of effective vaccines since the 1980s. Acceptance of the HBV vaccine has been slow for several reasons. Many physicians are not fully aware of the importance of preventing hepatitis B. They may be reluctant to question their patients about their personal life. Other concerns are the cost and safety of the vaccine. Pregnant women are routinely tested for hepatitis B. Newborns of infected women are given HBV immune globulin and vaccine. Workers who may be exposed to blood borne infections are also tested for hepatitis B. A research study found that the most cost-effective strategy may be universal vaccination of newborns and 10-year-olds against HBV.
Publication Name: Annals of Internal Medicine
Subject: Health
ISSN: 0003-4819
Year: 1993
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Transmission of Tuberculosis in a Jail
Article Abstract:
Prison officials should test all new prisoners for tuberculosis to prevent the disease from spreading to other prisoners. Researchers used DNA fingerprinting to see if prisoners involved in a tuberculosis outbreak in one jail had similar bacterial strains. Thirty-eight inmates and 5 guards in the jail developed tuberculosis over a 2-year period. Almost 80% of the inmates were infected with the same bacterial strain, as were 2 of the guards. This strain was only found in 14% of 43 people infected with tuberculosis in the community. Forty-three percent of the infected inmates had spent time in jail before their diagnosis.
Publication Name: Annals of Internal Medicine
Subject: Health
ISSN: 0003-4819
Year: 1999
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