Cognitive Rehabilitation Following Traumatic Brain Injury

Article Abstract:

Rehabilitation programs for people with head injuries must be tested in a controlled clinical trial. One such trial was published in 2000. It compared an intensive hospital-based rehab program with a less-intensive home-based rehab program. Both programs produced comparable results. However, most of the patients had partially recovered before the study began and may have benefited less from rehabilitation. A subset of patients who were sicker seemed to benefit from the hospital-based program.

Care and treatment, Editorial, Head injuries, Rehabilitation

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Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging comparisons in boxers

Article Abstract:

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) are different techniques for producing images of internal body structures; these scans are important in diagnosing diseases and injuries. Research has shown that MRI provides more information than CT concerning injuries to the brain, but there has been little research to test the usefulness of MRI specifically for identifying brain injuries in boxers. Twenty-one boxers were evaluated for traumatic brain injuries with both MRI and CT scans; the results from the two methods were compared. The study group included 16 active professional boxers, four active amateur boxers, and one retired professional boxer. Ages ranged from 21 to 66 years. For 18 subjects, the MRI and CT results agreed; 11 boxers showed normal results by both methods and seven showed abnormalities by both methods. For the remaining three boxers, CT results were inconclusive, but MRI confirmed that they were normal. MRI detected some abnormalities that were missed by CT, but the reverse was not true, and thus MRI appears to be the diagnostic imaging technique of choice when examining boxers for traumatic brain injuries. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Methods, Magnetic resonance imaging, Diagnostic imaging, Medical imaging equipment

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Apolipoprotein E epsilon4 associated with chronic traumatic brain injury in boxing

Article Abstract:

Boxers who have the gene for apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 may have a higher risk of developing dementia if they have had 12 or more professional fights. This gene has also been linked to Alzheimer's disease. Genetic analysis was done on 30 boxers, 12 of whom had mild cognitive deficits, 4 of whom had moderate deficits and 3 of whom had severe deficits. All of the men with severe deficits had the gene, compared to 50% of those with moderate deficits and 25% of those with mild deficits. Men with 12 or more fights and the gene were twice as likely to have severe deficits as similar men without the gene.

Psychological aspects, Health aspects, Genetic aspects, Dementia, Apolipoproteins

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