Circulating activated endothelial cells in sickle cell anemia

Article Abstract:

Sickle cell anemia appears to be characterized by the presence of activated endothelial cells, which may play a role in the painful crises common in this disease. The endothelium is the lining inside blood vessels, but some endothelial cells break off and circulate in the blood. Researchers analyzed endothelial cells in blood samples of sickle cell patients, healthy blood donors and patients with hemolytic anemia. Sickle cell patients who were in crisis had substantially higher numbers of endothelial cells compared to the other groups and a greater percentage of the cells were in an activated state.

Physiological aspects, Endothelium

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Phage libraries - a new route to clinically useful antibodies

Article Abstract:

Phage libraries may be a useful technique to produce human monoclonal antibodies. Normally, monoclonal antibodies are produced in mice, but humans can develop an allergic reaction to them. Phage antibody libraries can be created in a research lab by attaching parts of human antibody genes to the gene of a phage, which is a small virus that infects bacteria. The bacterium E. coli is then infected with the phage and produces more phages. The resulting phages are used to isolate specific antibodies. These antibodies can be used therapeutically as well as in diagnostic tests.

Bacteriophages

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Blockade of adhesion of sickle cells to endothelium by monoclonal antibodies

Article Abstract:

Monoclonal antibodies against proteins that line the inside of blood vessels might be used to treat some complications of sickle cell disease. Sickle cell disease is an abnormality of red blood cells that makes them less flexible than normal red blood cells. For this reason, they can pile up at certain places and block the flow of blood. In a study on rats, two monoclonal antibodies were able to prevent this from happening. They do this by preventing the red blood cells from binding to proteins on the inside of blood vessels.

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