Conservative management of breast fibroadenomas

Article Abstract:

Fibroadenomas are noncancerous tumors that are made up of dense fibrous tissue and connective tissue. These types of tumors are most commonly located in the breasts. Diagnosis can be done by procedure called fine-needle aspiration, which involves inserting a thin needle into the breast and withdrawing a sample of fluid and tissue. Breast biopsies with fine-needle aspiration or surgery are necessary to distinguish fibroadenomas from cancerous tumors. In most cases of fibroadenoma, the tumor decreases in size as the patient grows older, and in some cases the tumors can become calcified. Therefore, it is not clear if fibroadenomas should be surgically removed or just monitored over time. The medical records were reviewed of 498 cases of fibroadenomas and 17 cases of phyllodes tumors (flattened or leaf-shaped tumors). Patients with fibroadenomas were younger and had smaller tumors than those with phyllodes tumors. The patients with fibroadenomas were an average of 29 years old, and the average tumor size was 2 centimeters (cm). The patients with phyllodes tumors were an average of 44 years old, and the average tumor size was 4 cm. No cancerous tumors were found in any of the patients with fibroadenomas. Because no cancer was associated with the fibroadenomas and these types of tumors usually regress with time, surgery is not recommended for these patients unless the tumors begin to grow rapidly. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Care and treatment, Diagnosis, Breast tumors, Fibromas, Fibroma, Needle biopsy, Breast biopsy

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Postnatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1: the breast-feeding dilemma

Article Abstract:

Balancing the risks versus benefits of breastfeeding among HIV-positive mothers in order to make suitable recommendations is difficult. Research suggests that women who first become infected during the breastfeeding period are at great risk of infecting their infants. The presence of HIV in the milk is also correlated with high transmission rates as is severe maternal immune compromise. The presence of immunoglobulin M in the mother's blood and milk may be protective. Breastfeeding provides optimal nutrition and protection against many life-threatening infections. For these reasons, The World Health Organization and The United Nations Children's Health Fund recommend breastfeeding by HIV-positive mothers in countries where malnutrition and deaths from infectious diseases are common and safe breastmilk substitutes are not available. More needs to be learned about factors affecting the likelihood of HIV transmission. Research is needed to determine how to minimize the risk of HIV transmission via breastmilk.

Health aspects, Women, HIV infections, Disease transmission, HIV infection in women, Breast feeding

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Clinical value of mammography for symptomatic women 35 years of age and younger

Article Abstract:

Mammography does not appear to be cost-effective in women 35 years old or younger. In a study of 1908 women with breast symptoms, mammography did not find any cancers or change the management of these women's symptoms.

Statistical Data Included, Evaluation, Medical examination, Young women, Mammography

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