Does this patient have abnormal central venous pressure?
Article Abstract:
Central venous pressure (CVP) is usually estimated by measuring jugular venous pressure (JVP). CVP is the blood pressure in the vena cava, which is the major vein returning blood to the right atrium of the heart. Changes in CVP that could reflect fluid loss or heart disease will be reflected in JVP. The best way to measure JVP is to lay the patient down at a 30 to 45 degree angle and measure the vertical distance in centimeters from the sternal angle of Louis to the top of the column of blood in the right jugular vein. The sternal angle of Louis approximates the middle of the right atrium, which lies five centimeters below the sternum. Thus, CVP is JVP plus five centimeters. Normal JVP is no more than four centimeters. Studies have shown a good correlation between estimates of CVP using JVP and central venous catheters.
Publication Name: JAMA, The Journal of the American Medical Association
Subject: Health
ISSN: 0098-7484
Year: 1996
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Indications for Emergent MRI of the Central Nervous System
Article Abstract:
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) should be performed in the emergency department if doctors suspect the patient has certain central nervous system diseases. One is spinal cord compression, which can be caused by a tumor, infection, or blood. Patients can quickly lose the ability to walk if this condition is not rapidly diagnosed. MRI should also be used to diagnose dural venous sinus thrombosis (DVST), which is caused by blood clot in the sinuses that drain blood from the brain. Arterial dissection, meningoencephalitis, subarachnoid hemorrhage, vasculitis, and stroke can also be diagnosed with MRI.
Publication Name: JAMA, The Journal of the American Medical Association
Subject: Health
ISSN: 0098-7484
Year: 2000
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Availability of HIV Care in Central America
Article Abstract:
Most of the countries of Central America have little or no access to health care services for HIV patients or most of the commonly used AIDS drugs. HIV infection rates range from 0.20% in Nicaragua to 2.01% in Belize. Countries with a large social security system are most likely to provide a wide variety of services to HIV patients.
Publication Name: JAMA, The Journal of the American Medical Association
Subject: Health
ISSN: 0098-7484
Year: 2001
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