Effects of adjuvants and multiple antigen peptides on humoral and cellular immune responses to gp160 of HIV-1

Article Abstract:

Muramyldipeptide (MDP) may enhance a protective cellular and humoral immune response against HIV infection. A study evaluated the effectiveness of five immunological adjuvants in inducing a cellular and humoral immune response in rabbits vaccinated with the rgp160 protein from HIV type 1 (HIV-1). Immunological adjuvants are different substances that stimulate or enhance an immune response. Adjuvants that were evaluated included AlPO4, a form of MDP (MDP.TSL), Freund's adjuvant, immunostimulating complex and its matrix components. Rabbits treated with MDP.TSL or Freund's adjuvant had the largest production of antibodies against rgp160. Animals treated with either MDP.TSL or AlPO4 had the strongest and most lasting cellular response against rgp160. Treatment with a combination of MDP and rgp 160 was more effective alone in stimulating an cellular and humoral response than treatment with rpg160 alone.

Usage, Immunologic adjuvants, Immunological adjuvants

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HIV vaccine trials: some design issues including sample size calculation

Article Abstract:

The World Health Organization estimates that 40 million people will be infected with HIV by the year 2000. Since there is no cure for AIDS, preventing the infection is the most urgent public health goal. More than 20 different AIDS vaccines are in development. Most are based on proteins from the viral envelope, which is the outer layer of the virus. Tests on human volunteers show that many of the vaccines have few side effects. Future studies will need to show that the vaccines can prevent infection. The number of volunteers enrolled in these studies will vary depending on several factors. The rate of infection in the US population varies from .026% in Army personnel to 2% to 5% in intravenous drug users. The lower the infection rate, the larger the study sample will need to be. Sample size can be reduced by lengthening the follow-up period.

Planning, Clinical trials

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Influence of N-linked glycans in V4-V5 region of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 glycoprotein gp160 on induction of a virus-neutralizing humoral response

Article Abstract:

Removing N-linked glycans from the gp160 region of the HIV envelope only enhances the immune response to that particular mutant. N-linked glycans are sugars which are believed to shield this portion of the viral envelope from attack by antibodies. However, when researchers removed the glycans and injected guinea pigs with the mutated form of the envelope, the antibody response to that form only was enhanced. This indicates that removal of the glycans causes a conformational change in the envelope.

Physiological aspects, HIV (Viruses), HIV, Viral envelopes

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