Evaluating surrogate markers

Article Abstract:

Data from both large research studies and that combined from smaller studies may be helpful in identifying appropriate surrogate markers in patients with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Surrogate markers are intermediate measurable indicators of drug effectiveness or disease progression. Researchers outlined potential cost-effective approaches to research and statistical analyses that could be useful in evaluating surrogate markers. These approaches are ways to accumulate sufficient long-term and randomized data in order to statistically evaluate treatment effectiveness. One approach may be to evaluate a subset of patients within a larger research study and mathematically generalize their data to the larger population. Another approach might be to combine, through statistical manipulation, similar data from smaller studies. This second approach relies on the cooperation of the scientists and the research sponsors involved with all of the studies.

Measurement

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Bacterial vaginosis associated with HIV infection in pregnant women from North Carolina

Article Abstract:

Women with HIV infection are more likely to have bacterial vaginosis but it is not clear whether HIV infection causes the vaginosis or vice versa. Bacterial vaginosis is a bacterial infection of the vagina. Researchers took vaginal swabs to test 724 pregnant women for bacterial vaginosis. Ten of the women were HIV-positive. Three percent of the women with bacterial vaginosis were HIV-positive, compared to less than 1% of the women who did not have bacterial vaginosis. Bacterial vaginosis may increase a woman's risk of contracting HIV infection during sexual intercourse.

Vaginosis

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Association between serum total cholesterol and HIV infection in a high-risk cohort of young men

Article Abstract:

A low blood cholesterol level may be associated with an increased risk of HIV infection in men at risk for the disease. Researchers measured cholesterol levels in 2,446 young men with a history of sexually transmitted disease or liver disease, thought to place them at higher risk for HIV infection. Over an average of seven years, 140 men became infected with HIV. The risk of HIV infection was higher in men with a total cholesterol level below 160 milligrams/deciliter. Low cholesterol level may be a marker for behavior that increases the risk of infection.

Blood cholesterol

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