Health care of children and adults with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a population-based analysis

Article Abstract:

Infants with AIDS receive more inpatient care than older children or adults with AIDS, while older children use more emergency room care than infants or adults. Researchers analyzed the Medicaid files of New York State, which contains 25% of pediatric AIDS cases in the U.S., for use of inpatient, emergency room, and specialty care. Infants were most likely to be hospitalized before and after an AIDS diagnosis, as compared to older children and adults. Fewer older children (81%) were hospitalized after being diagnosed with AIDS, as compared to 93% of infants and 90% of adults. The differences in hospitalization may be related to the illnesses that precede an AIDS diagnosis and to the instability of the home environment. Children who received HIV specialty care had a 40% lower death rate after an AIDS diagnosis.

Medical care, Medical care utilization, AIDS (Disease), AIDS (Disease) in children, Pediatric AIDS (Disease)

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Prenatal care and birth outcomes of a cohort of HIV-infected women

Article Abstract:

Adequate prenatal care could reduce the rates of premature birth and low birth weight in HIV-infected pregnant women. Of 2,254 HIV-infected pregnant women enrolled in New York State's Medicaid program, 28% delivered a low-birth-weight baby, 23% delivered prematurely and 20% delivered babies small for gestational age. Some of these rates are higher than those seen in a general Medicaid population. Two-thirds of the women did not have full prenatal care and 20% had no prenatal care. Adequate prenatal care substantially reduced the risk of prematurity and low birth weight babies.

Women, Risk factors, Birth weight, Low, Low birth weight, HIV infection in women, Premature birth, Prenatal care

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Cigarette smoking and maternal-child HIV transmission

Article Abstract:

Smoking during pregnancy appears to increase the risk of transmitting HIV to the fetus. Researchers followed 901 pregnant women and their child for at least two years after the child's birth. Twenty-five percent of the women transmitted HIV to their infant. Women who smoked were almost 50% more likely to transmit the virus to their infant. Smokers who had advanced HIV disease were even more likely to transmit the virus. Almost half the women used illicit drugs, but these were not associated with HIV transmission.

Smoking, Disease transmission, Pregnancy, HIV infection in pregnancy

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