Open-air schools and the tuberculous child in early 20th-century America

Article Abstract:

Open-air schools, an experiment conducted during the first two decades of this century, were intended to heal sickly and tuberculous children. Children were dressed warmly and windows kept open even in winter. Public health organizations, antituberculosis foundations, and schools joined forces to provide these special classrooms in the belief that tuberculosis infection could be prevented or cured by building strength through fresh air, extra food, and lighter work loads. They were a response to the recognition that adult tuberculosis patients frequently contracted the infection in childhood. However, tuberculosis is difficult to diagnose in children. The tuberculin skin test existed, but was distrusted as a possible infection source. Using sickliness as the criterion identified far more children than could be accommodated. During the 1920s, disenchantment grew when it was found that the schools did not prevent tuberculosis from developing, that children who improved reverted when returned to their old environment, and that exposure to fresh cold air was not beneficial.

Tuberculosis, Tuberculosis in children, Pediatric respiratory diseases, Open-air schools

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Policy and poverty: child and community health in Philadelphia, 1900 to 1930

Article Abstract:

The view that children's health care is a parental responsibility rather than an entitlement has had implications for health care policies in the U.S. The evolution of child health policies in Philadelphia during the early 1900s exemplifies the consequences of the belief that high child mortality rates result from the ignorance and squalor of the poor, who are to blame for their situation. The community made efforts to reduce child mortality by providing clean milk, health education, and free medical care. However, efforts were piecemeal and neither orchestrated nor regulated by the government. The desire to protect income caused many doctors to argue against expansion of clinic care because it might attract those who could pay and to treat the charitably run organizations providing free education and well-child care as economic competitors. Today, maternal-child health continues to be bound up in the welfare system and subject to the vagaries of public opinion and politics, which generally view the poor as undeserving.

History, Community health services, Medical policy, Health policy, Child health services, Community health services for children

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Latex Hypersensitivity in a Child With Diabetes

Article Abstract:

A pediatrician reports the case of a 6-year-old girl with type 1 diabetes who had a reaction to her insulin injections. The reaction occurred at the site of the injection. Her doctor suspected a latex sensitivity, which was confirmed by skin tests. The plungers in insulin syringes and the stoppers in insulin vials are made of latex. She began using an insulin pen, which prevented most of the reactions.

Causes of, Type 1 diabetes, Latex, Synthetic, Contact dermatitis, Synthetic latex

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