Perinatal HIV infection and the effect of zidovudine therapy on transmission in rural and urban counties

Article Abstract:

Health care workers in North Carolina appear to have reduced the rate of perinatal transmission of HIV by promptly identifying HIV-positive pregnant women and their babies and treating both with zidovudine. A total of 877 HIV-positive women gave birth to 881 babies in North Carolina between 1990 and 1994. Eighty-five percent were black and 56% lived in rural parts of the state or small metropolitan counties. By the last quarter of 1994, over 90% of HIV-exposed newborn infants were identified, up from 63% just one year before. Almost half were identified within one week of birth, 73% by 6 weeks and 91% by three months. Forty-one percent were born in rural counties. Six percent of the babies who were exposed to zidovudine before or after birth became infected compared to 19% of those never exposed to zidovudine. HIV transmission rates from mother to child decreased from 21% in 1993 to 8.5% in 1994.

Usage, Testing, Prevention, Infants (Newborn), Newborn infants, HIV infection in children, Pediatric HIV infections, Disease transmission, Pregnancy, Zidovudine, HIV infection in pregnancy

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The Epidemiology of Adolescent Homicide in North Carolina From 1990 to 1995

Article Abstract:

Teenage murder victims in North Carolina are most often shot by people they know. Researchers reviewed 419 teenage homicides from 1990 to 1995, and found that most victims were 15-18 years old, black, and male. Victims commonly lagged in their school performance and had a criminal record. Guns were used in 83% of the murders, and 23% were drug-related. In 77% of teenage murders, the victim knew the perpetrator. Efforts to reduce access to firearms and drugs, and intervention directed at teenage criminals and poor students, may reduce the rate of teenage homicide.

North Carolina, Crimes against, Demographic aspects, Teenagers, Youth, Crime, Juvenile homicide

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Heterosexually transmitted HIV infection among African Americans in North Carolina

Article Abstract:

Rates of heterosexually transmitted HIV infection among African Americans in the southeastern United States greatly exceed those for whites and African American women accounted for almost twice as many of these cases as African American men. Poverty is an underlying determinant of these behaviors and a contributor to infection risk even in people who do not have high-risk behaviors.

United States, Health aspects, Causes of, African Americans, HIV infection, Poverty, Heterosexuality

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