Pressure ulcers among the elderly

Article Abstract:

Pressure ulcers (open sores) are a serious and common problem resulting from immobility among the elderly. Among geriatric patients and nursing home residents, pressure ulcers are associated with a fourfold increase in the risk of death. Immobility is the most significant risk factor and a necessary condition for the development of pressure ulcers (except when an ulcer occurs underneath a cast). Nutritional factors, such as vitamin C deficiency, may predispose older persons to the development of pressure ulcers. Age-related changes in the skin are also commonly associated with the development of pressure ulcers. A common preventive measure is repositioning the patient to avoid prolonged pressure on the bony prominences (e.g., the sacrum). The use of a foam or static air mattress with good pressure-relieving capability is indicated for all bedridden persons with little spontaneous movement. Treatment of pressure ulcers consists of proper nutrition, and systemic antibiotics in cases of sepsis (blood infection), osteomyelitis (inflammation of the bone), or cellulitis (inflammation of cellular connective tissue). The best approach to pressure ulcers remains prevention.

Care and treatment, Bedsores, Decubitus ulcer

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Management of drug therapy in the elderly

Article Abstract:

Drug therapy in the elderly is complicated by many unique factors. Individual needs and differences are particularly important among older people. There has been little investigation of the effects of age at the sites of drug action. Little information is available about drug responses in the very old. Misconceptions about the degree of compliance with drug therapy and the frequency of adverse durg reactions in the elderly should be recognized. The elderly suffer two to three times the incidence of adverse drug reactions found among young adults.

Analysis, Demographic aspects, Patient compliance, Drug therapy, Dosage and administration, Geriatric pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics

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Lp(a) lipoprotein, vascular disease, and mortality in the elderly

Article Abstract:

An elevated blood level of Lp(a) lipoprotein in elderly men is a risk factor for stroke, coronary heart disease, and premature death, according to a study of 5,888 elderly people. Lp(a) is a low-density lipoprotein that can cause abnormal blood clotting when it is present in greater than normal amounts. It does not appear to be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease in elderly women.

Risk factors, Coronary heart disease, Stroke (Disease), Stroke, Lipoproteins, Proteolipids

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