Social support of inner-city fathers and mothers

Article Abstract:

Most inner-city parents rely on one another for social support. Researchers interviewed 197 inner-city mothers who had recently given birth and 91 inner-city couples who had a newborn to study social support and expectations about the father's role in parenting. Of the 197 mothers, 64% named the father as a source of general social support, 47% believed that the father would help her fulfill her parental role, and 6% thought he would interfere with her parenting. Of the couples, more than 80% named their mates as a source of social support. Approximately half thought their counterpart would help them be a good parent and fewer then 10% believed their mate would interfere with their parenting. The father's support of the mother was related to her expectations about his availability, task sharing, and parental decisionmaking. The mother's support of the father was only related to his expected availability.

Fathers, Social networks, Father and child, Father-child relations, Parents

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Outcomes of adolescents using levonorgestrel implants vs oral contraceptives or other contraceptive methods

Article Abstract:

Levonorgestrel implants (Norplant) appear to provide more effective contraception than other methods for sexually active teenagers without reducing condom use. Researchers recruited a group of 166 sexually active girls between 12 and 18 years old at a teen clinic and evaluated their outcomes six months later. Fifty-four girls used Norplant, 64 used oral contraceptives (OCs), and 48 used other methods. One girl (2%) using Norplant became pregnant compared with 20% of girls using OCs and 17% using other methods. While only 37% of the group reported using condoms for every act of intercourse, no differences were found among groups. Similarly, the incidence of sexually transmitted disease was 30%, but there were no differences among groups. Eighty-seven percent of Norplant users continued to use it at six months versus half of OC users even though Norplant users were more likely to report side effects.

Sexual behavior, Usage, Teenage girls, Oral contraceptives, Norplant (Contraceptive), Contraceptive drug implants

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The father's role during infancy: factors that influence maternal expectations

Article Abstract:

Inner-city new mothers have differing expectations about the role of the father in the care of their child. Researchers interviewed 197 mothers in Baltimore, MD, who had recently given birth. Only about 30% of mothers were married to or living with the child's father. The average mother assumed the father would take part in one-third of child care tasks, but 18% of mothers expected to see the father less than weekly. Maternal expectations were most influenced by the strength of the relationship with the father, the mother's desires, and her assessment of the father's parenting abilities.

Causes of, Child rearing, Paternal deprivation

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