New aspects of antimicrobial resistance and the resulting therapeutic dilemmas

Article Abstract:

Many different types of bacteria can be killed with antibiotic drugs. However, in some cases, bacteria can change in such a way that they are no longer killed by a specific antibiotic. This is called antimicrobial resistance and it occurs when bacteria become resistant to (are not killed by) antibiotic drugs. There are several different ways that bacteria can become resistant to drug treatment. The most common way is for the bacteria to make an enzyme that can destroy or inactivate the drug. For example, bacteria that have become resistant to treatment with penicillin have developed the ability to make an enzyme called beta-lactamase, which destroys penicillin. Another way is for the bacteria to change their surface or outer membrane so that antibiotic drugs can not enter the bacteria to kill it. Mutations (alterations or changes) in the DNA (genetic material) can also cause bacteria to become resistant to antibiotics. Antimicrobial resistance can be spread from one generation of bacteria to the next. This means that once resistance develops, it can spread rapidly throughout an entire strain of bacteria. In recent years, several different types of bacteria have become resistant to drug treatment, making it very difficult to treat infections caused by these bacteria. The improper use of antibiotic drugs, both over-prescribing by physicians and patients' not taking drugs as prescribed, enhances drug resistance. Since resistance can be spread rapidly among bacteria and bacteria can be transmitted from person to person, antimicrobial resistance will continue to be a problem in the foreseeable future. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Causes of, Drug resistance in microorganisms, Microbial drug resistance

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Meyer Dysplasia in the Differential Diagnosis of Hip Disease in Young Children

Article Abstract:

The pediatric condition of the hip known as Meyer dysplasia causes a child to limp and is often misdiagnosed as some other hip problem. Meyer dysplasia usually appears in the second year and disappears without treatment by the time the child is six. In the instances of five children originally misdiagnosed as either osteomyelitis or Perthes disease, some guidelines for proper diagnosis can be found. The condition of ossification in multiple areas is one sign which can confirm Meyer dysplasia when combined with a bone scan. Bone marrow condition can also rule out edema or ischemia as causes.

Abnormalities, Diagnosis, Dysplasia, Hip

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