Too close for comfort

Article Abstract:

Some viruses work in a different way to the better-known method of cell destruction. The nucleic acid of the virus enters the cell and becomes integrated with the cell's DNA. It may then lie dormant for a period before emerging to cause disorders including cancer. Robert Gallo was the scientist who discovered the first human virus of this nature in 1979. He discovered the retrovirus T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1). HTLV-1, which is linked to a range of disorders including adult T-cell leukaemia-lymphoma, can be transferred via breast milk, blood transfusion or sexual intercourse.

Retroviruses, DNA viruses, HTLV (Viruses), HTLV viruses

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Open to attack

Article Abstract:

Immunosuppression is lower in pregnant women due to their need to accept paternal antigens. This may create a higher susceptibility to infection, and a higher risk of transferring infection to the baby in the womb or during delivery. Congenitally- or perinatally-acquired infections can lead to birth abnormalities, fetal death or postnatal infection. Known risks include the 90% risk of abnormalities in babies whose mothers were infected with rubella during the early weeks of pregnancy, and the 1% cytomegalovirus infection rate in newborn babies.

Health aspects, Infection, Causes of, Influence, Pregnant women, Birth defects, Infants

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Little monsters

Article Abstract:

A diagnostic virus laboratory has two sections which focus on virus isolation and viral serology. Viral serology finds antibodies to viruses in patient serum by using commercial testing kits. They kits are reliable and straightforward. Virus isolation is more complex. Virus are only visible through an electron microscope and monkey kidney cells, human fibroblasts and human epithelial cells are used to enable the viruses to grow. Different viruses produce a different cytopathic effect and this enables them to be identified.

Analysis, Management, Biomedical laboratories, Viruses, Identification and classification, Medical technology, Medical virology, Medical laboratory technology

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