Trends in HIV prevalence among disadvantaged youth: survey results from a national job training program, 1988 through 1992

Article Abstract:

Efforts to stop the spread of HIV infection among youth should focus more on those who have dropped out of high school and/or are socioeconomically disadvantaged. Of 269,956 people aged 16 to 21 who entered Job Corps between Jan 1988 and Dec 1992, 812 were HIV-positive. Job Corps is an educational training program for out-of-school and poor youth. The rate of HIV among males declined during this period from 3.6 per 1,000 to 2.2 per 1,000. However, during this period the rate among females rose from 2.1 per 1,000 to 4.2 per 1,000. Overall, the rate of HIV infection was highest among African-Americans. Among African-American males the rate dropped from 5.6 per 1,000 to 3.4 per 1,000 between 1988 and 1992. However among African-American females, the rate jumped from 3.2 to 6.6 per 1,000 in the same time period. These findings suggest that young disadvantaged women may not be fully aware of their risk of HIV infection from heterosexual intercourse.

High school dropouts

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Prevalence and incidence of vertically acquired HIV infection in the United States

Article Abstract:

HIV transmission from mother to child increased considerably in the 1980s, but appears to have leveled off after 1989. Researchers used a serosurvey of childbearing-aged women to calculate the incidence of HIV transmission from mother to child. About 14,920 HIV-infected infants were born between 1978 and 1993 in the U.S. About two-thirds of the infants were born between 1988 and 1993. About 5,330 developed AIDS and 2,680 died. At the start of 1994, about 12,240 children had HIV infection which they acquired from their mothers. A total of 3,180 were below the age of 2. Transmission of HIV from mother to child may be reduced to about 8% by using zidovudine (AZT), but this treatment would not totally eliminate the transmission. All pregnant women should be offered HIV testing.

Maternal-fetal exchange, Statistics, Disease transmission, Mother and child, Mother-child relations, AIDS (Disease) in children, Pediatric AIDS (Disease)

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HIV infection in disadvantaged out-of-school youth: prevalence for U.S. Job Corps entrants, 1990 through 1996

Article Abstract:

HIV infection rates appear to have fallen among disadvantaged, out-of-school youth from 1990 to 1996. Using data from 357,443 US Job Corp participants in job training programs, researchers found that 0.2% of tested youth aged 16-21 years were infected with HIV. The rate of HIV infection was higher among African-Americans and highest, 0.5%, among African-American women. The rates of HIV infection declined from 1990 through 1996, but remain high in this group of young people. Continued HIV education is necessary in this at-risk group.

Diseases, Teenagers, Social classes, Social class, African American youth, African American teenagers, HIV seroprevalence

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