Urology
Article Abstract:
New developments in the diagnosis and treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer include recommendations for annual testing and a trial of drug therapy before resorting to surgery. Benign prostatic hyperplasia is an enlargement of the prostate gland. Recognition of the potential complications from surgical treatment for symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia is leading many doctors to treat patients with either terazosin hydrochloride or finasteride. Terazosin hydrochloride works immediately but is less effective than surgery. Finasteride must be taken for six to 12 months before it is effective. Annual screenings to monitor the levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and rectal exams for men 50 years and older are recommended by the American Cancer Society and the American Urological Association. PSA screening is not a diagnosis for cancer but rather a way to assess risk factors.
Publication Name: JAMA, The Journal of the American Medical Association
Subject: Health
ISSN: 0098-7484
Year: 1993
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Prostate cancer detection in men with serum PSA concentrations of 2.6 to 4.0 ng/mL and benign prostate examination: enhancement of specificity with free PSA measurements
Article Abstract:
Measuring the ratio of free to total prostate-specific antigen (PSA) may help reduce unnecessary biopsies when done in men with low PSA levels. Researchers used this technique on 914 men with PSA levels between 2.6 and 4.0 nanograms per milliliter and a normal prostate exam. About one-third of the men also had a prostate biopsy. Twenty-two percent of the men who had biopsies had prostate cancer. A 27% free PSA ratio or less would have identified 90% of the cancers and eliminated the need for a biopsy in 18% of the cases. Most tumors were localized to the prostate gland.
Publication Name: JAMA, The Journal of the American Medical Association
Subject: Health
ISSN: 0098-7484
Year: 1997
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Longitudinal screening for prostate cancer with prostate-specific antigen
Article Abstract:
Long-term screening with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) appears to reduce the detection rate of prostate cancer and result in earlier diagnoses. Researchers gave PSA tests to 10,248 men 50 years or older every 6 months for at least four years. Seventy-nine percent of the men returned for a PSA test throughout the study. During this time, the percentage of men with a high PSA level declined, as did the percentage diagnosed with prostate cancer and the percentage diagnosed with advanced cancer. By the end of the study, cancer detection rates had fallen to less than 1%.
Publication Name: JAMA, The Journal of the American Medical Association
Subject: Health
ISSN: 0098-7484
Year: 1996
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