Why do short term workers have high mortality?

Article Abstract:

In Denmark a group of 16,404 short-term-employment workers in the reinforced plastics industry have been studied relative to mortality. Workers who had been hospitalized before employment had a 20% higher risk of early termination of employment than those never hospitalized. The risk was greater with a higher number of hospitalizations. If a worker had two or more preemployment hospitalizations related to violence or alcohol abuse, the rate ratios for short-term employment were 1.86 and 2.30, respectively. The study followed the workers to the end of 1988; all were hired in the 1978-58 period. Greater mortality is often reported for workers in short-term employment, and that could be the result of health-related selection or of different lifestyles or of social conditions for the group. In principle it is possible to adjust for lifestyle factors, but care must be taken in such an effort.

Denmark, Health aspects, Employment, Measurement, Occupational diseases, Disability evaluation, Life style, Lifestyles, Health status indicators, Disease reporting, Composite materials industry

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Estimating sensitivity and sojourn time in screening for colorectal cancer

Article Abstract:

Effectiveness of screening for cancer depends on sojourn time, or duration of the preclinical screen-detectable period, and sensitivity of the screening test. In randomized trials it has been seen that screening for colorectal cancer is effective. Various analytic strategies for fitting exponential models to data from a screening program for colorectal cancer have been considered. Mean sojourn time was estimated at about 2 years for people aged 45-54, 3 years for those aged 55-65, 6 years for those aged 65-74. Estimates of sensitivity were at about 75%, 50%, 40% for the age groups 45-54, 55-64 and 65-74, respectively. An effort was made to find out whether methods used for breast cancer screening can be used for colorectal cancer too.

Diagnosis, Colorectal cancer

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Power and sample size calculations in case-control studies of gene-environment interactions: comments on different approaches

Article Abstract:

The National Cancer Institute plans to issue a free computer program to perform power calculations and sample size for epidemiological research. An analysis of studies addressing gene-environment interactions showed that consistency problems can occur. Specifically, some calculations resulted in an underestimation of sample size and overestimation of power for the test. The new computer model wil be based on the approach by Lubin and Gail.

Statistics, Environmental aspects, Population genetics, Prevalence studies (Epidemiology)

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