Teachers' unions and excellence in education: an analysis of the decline in SAT scores

Article Abstract:

Controversy surrounds the recent finding that college entrance exams are lower today than they were twenty years ago, but little empirical evidence has been offered in the debate. This paper uses cross-sectional regression analysis to examine the decline in SAT scores between 1972 and 1983. Three explanations are tested: the changing social environment, the financial resources devoted to education, and the emergence of militant teacher unions. The results show teacher unionism to be the most significant factor in the decline in scores. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)

Economic policy, Teachers' unions, Scholastic Assessment Test

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Wage patterns: an evolutionary perspective

Article Abstract:

The existence of wage patterns is often cited as evidence that the labor market is affected by institutional forces outside the purview of economic theory. In this paper, it is argued that such patterns can be understood as the result of an information-acquiring activity of labor market participants that enhances their chance of survival. Wage comparisons are selected, sometimes mistakenly, in an effort to cope with the uncertainty of the environment. This evolutionary analysis denies a distinction between market forces and spillovers. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)

Analysis, Human resource management, Wages, Wages and salaries, Wage payment systems, Labor supply, Labor force, Pay structure

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