Conceptualizing legaly relevant factors under guidelines: a reply to Ulmer

Article Abstract:

Researchers Engen and Gainey discuss the alleged limitations of their model for determining sentencing decisions under guidelines, as identified by criminologist Jeffrey Ulmer. In this reply the authors distinguish between structural and procedural sentencing. Legally relevant variables such as prior record and offense severity influence the subjective process of sentencing while defining, under guideline, the type and duration of the sentence referred to as the presumptive sentence.

Sentences (Criminal procedure), Judgments, Criminal, Criminal judgments

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Multilevel influence on school disorder: a comment on Welsh, Green and Jenkins

Article Abstract:

The authors discuss previous research conducted on the relationship between school and community characteristics and school misconduct. No relationship was discovered when individual-based variables for misconduct were included in the model. The authors peform their own analysis of the benfits of multilevel modeling by using a larger school sample size. Policy implications are also discussed.

Statistical Data Included, Students, Crime, School violence, Juvenile delinquency

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