In the wake of Ake v. Oklahoma: an indigent criminal defendant's lack of ex parte access to expert services

Article Abstract:

States should provide expert aid to indigent criminal defendants on an ex parte basis. The Supreme Court held in Ake v Oklahoma that psychiatric aid was a right for an indigent defendant whose sanity figured in the case. The ex parte aid must be shielded from an adverse party, and the Constitution necessitates that the expert assistance be given in this ex parte form.

Analysis, Legal assistance to the poor, Evidence, Expert, Expert evidence, Ex parte procedure

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Civil challenges to the use of low-bid contracts for indigent defense

Article Abstract:

The author discusses the increased use of low-bid contracts for indigent defense and the failure of this method to provide adequate assistance of counsel as required by the Constitution. She suggests a remedy may be through section 1983 civil actions alleging state and local systemic failures to provide council.

Evaluation, Remedies, Right to counsel, Public contracts, Government contracts

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Toward a functional defense of political party autonomy

Article Abstract:

The author examines a decision of the US which struck down a California law requiring political parities to accept non--members as voters in their primary elections. He rejects rejects arguments in favor of autonomy for the major political parties.

California, Political parties, Primaries

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