Annotation: Children's reading levels

Article Abstract:

There has been a long history of interest in determining whether children's reading levels have declined or improved. Children's reading levels have been monitored over time and throughout countries and there is a question as to how valid such studies are and what conclusions can be drawn from them. There is evidence that reading standards in the UK improved between 1840 and 1961, although this more likely demonstrates the steady decline of illiteracy. More conventional and sensitive measures of reading were not introduced until 1948 in England and Wales, and surveys were based on the Watts-Vernon test (WVT). Overall it is likely that reading standards have changed very little over the past 70 years.

Standards, Education, Educational standards, Reading

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Annotation: the abuse of disabled children

Article Abstract:

There has been increased awareness that disabled children are especially vulnerable to abuse. These children may have communication difficulties, be dependent, and live in institutions. There are problems when trying to prevent abuse, and techniques used with non-disabled children may not be appropriate for disabled children, especially those who depend on others who provide personal care. Communication is a key issue, as are staff recruitment issues. Deterrence and early detection are both important.

Research, Prevention, Disabled children, Child abuse

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