Human eyeblink classical conditioning: effects of manipulating awareness of the stimulus contingencies

Article Abstract:

Research was conducted to examine the effects of manipulating awareness of the stimulus contingencies in four groups. The subjects consisted of men and women with average age of 66.7 years and 15.2 years of education. The objective for the first two groups was to reduce or eliminate the awareness of the stimulus contingencies. The objective for the second two groups was to promote awareness of the stimulus contingencies. Results reveal that awareness of the stimulus contingencies is not a result of successful conditioning but a prerequisite for trace classical eyeblink conditioning.

Stimulus generalization, Classical conditioning, Conditioning (Psychology), Awareness

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A system for relational reasoning in human prefrontal cortex

Article Abstract:

A study was conducted to analyze performance on simple tasks that need deductive or inductive reasoning. Closely matched variants that differed in whether or no success needed the integration of multiple relations were utilized. The premise that patients with prefrontal cortical dysfunction would support impaired performance when asked to integrate multiple relations was examined. Results indicated that the human prefrontal cortex supports a critical function in relational reasoning.

Physiological aspects, Cerebral cortex, Reasoning

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Intact artificial grammar learning in amnesia: dissociation of classification learning and explicit memory for specific instances

Article Abstract:

A study to determine whether amnesiacs would be able to learn an artificial grammar was conducted. This would indicate whether implicit learningis spared by amnesia as compared to learning in specific instances. The subjects were 13 amnesiacs along with 14 control subjects for a total of 27 participants. Results indicate that amnesiacs can learn artificial grammar but are at a loss to provide the basis for such a classification.

Psychological aspects, Memory, Grammar, Comparative and general, Grammar, Learning, Psychology of, Learning theory (Psychology), Amnesia, Categorization (Psychology)

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