Dangling a carrot for vaccines

Article Abstract:

Economist Michael Kremer's idea to make a malaria or tuberculosis vaccine available to developing countries, which evolved into a vaccine purchase fund where a donor would commit to buy doses of an already manufactured vaccine, is presented. Donors could choose to reward the fast development of an initial vaccine or the introduction of subsequent, possibly superior products by judiciously selecting the price and quantity of doses that they commit to.

United States, Management dynamics, Goods & services distribution, Channels of Distribution, Management, Community health services, Distribution, Company business management, Bacterial vaccines, Company distribution practices

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Hard landscape: Finding our universe in string theory appears impossible

Article Abstract:

The cosmological constant is explained by string theory uniting gravity with quantum mechanics by stating that it recasts particles as one-dimensional strings, or filaments of energy, which play around in tiny tangles of extra spatial dimensions. The shape of the tangles influences the properties of strings and therefore the vacuum's energy, but no mathematical principle forces the extra dimensions to fold in a unique way.

Analysis, String theory, Cosmological constant

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Food for symbolic thought

Article Abstract:

Materials found in an ancient bowl of edible shellfish discovered in South Africa reveal that early humans also engaged in symbolic thought of using pigments to produce body paint.

Usage, Symbolism, Pigments

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