Cognitive processes in self-report responses: tests of item context effects in work attitude measures

Article Abstract:

Much applied research relies on multi-item, self-report instruments. Drawing from recent cognitive theories, it was hypothesized that the items preceding a self-report item, its item context, can generate cognitive carryover and prompt context-consistent reponses. These hypotheses were tested in 2 investigations: a field experiment involving 431 employees of a nonprofit urban hospital and a laboratory replication involving 245 undergraduate business students who held full- or part-time jobs. In both studies, evaluatively neutral items were placed in specially arranged blocks of uniformly positive, uniformly negative, or randomly mixed items on 3 modified Job Descriptive Index scales. Responses to the neutral items differed across the 3 forms, but scale-level psychometric properties remained unchanged. The implications of these item- and scale-level results for a variety of self-report measures in organizations are discussed. (Reprinted by permission of the publisher.)

Design and construction, Beliefs, opinions and attitudes, Workers, Surveys, Surveys (Studies), Employee attitudes

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An analysis and evaluation of test and item bias in the prediction context

Article Abstract:

The notion of test and item bias in performance predictions must be put in perspective. Some kinds of bias can be easily corrected for in test procedures. Others, however, cannot be eliminated and the goal of producing a test totally free of bias is unreasonable. The root problem is the labeling of test differences as biases; it is an unfortunate choice of words.

Evaluation, Psychological tests

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Confidence intervals for the cross-validated multiple correlation in predictive regression models

Article Abstract:

A number of new formulas for estimating the predictive power of a regression model can take the place of empirical cross-validation methodologies in areas of psychological research. Handling specific problems of the analytic tools are discussed. The central concern is the accuracy of approximations of confidence intervals.

Models, Regression analysis

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